22
For the Chief Musician; set to “The Doe of the Morning.” A Psalm by David [Beloved]. *
Context: Saul [Asked for] tries multiple times to spear David [Beloved] to death. Saul [Asked for] sends soldiers to pierce David [Beloved] to his bed. David [Beloved] threatens to murder his own wife, Saul [Asked for]’s daughter, if she does not let him flee from Saul [Asked for] to save his own life. In this emotional state, David [Beloved] might have written this Psalm. (1 Sam 19:1-18)
Future Context: Yeshua quotes this Psalm, which is to reference its entirety, while hanging on the cross. (Matt 27:46)
1 †My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? ‡
§Why are you *so far from yishu'ah ·delivering· me, and from the words of my groaning?
2 My God, I cry in the daytime, but you don’t answer;
in the night season, and am not silent.
3 But you are holy,
you who inhabit the tehilahot ·praise songs· of Israel [God prevails].
4 Our fathers trusted in you.
They trusted, and you delivered them.
5 They cried to you, and were delivered.
They trusted in you, and were not disappointed.
6 But I am a worm, and no man;
†a reproach of men, and despised by the people.
7 ‡All who see me jeer at § me.
They insult me and shake their heads: *
8 †“He trusts in Adonai ;
so let him set him free! ‡
Let him rescue him, since he delights in him.” §
9 *But you brought me out of the womb.
You made me trust while at my mother’s breasts.
10 I was thrown on you from my mother’s womb.
You are my God since my mother bore me.
11 Don’t be far from me, for trouble is near.
†For there is no one to help.
12 Many bulls have surrounded me.
Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me.
13 They open their mouths wide against me,
lions tearing prey and roaring.
14 ‡I am poured out like water.
§All my bones are out of joint.
*My heart is like wax;
it is melted within me.
15 My strength is dried up like a potsherd.
†My tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth.
You have brought me into the dust of death.
16 ‡For dogs have surrounded me.
§A company of villains have enclosed me.
*They have pierced my hands and feet.
17 †I can count all of my bones.
‡
They look and stare at me.
18 §They divide my garments among them.
They cast lots for my clothing. *
19 But don’t be far off, Adonai.
You are my help: hurry to help me.
20 Deliver my soul from the sword,
my precious life from the power of the dog.
21 Save me from the lion’s mouth! †
Yes, from the horns of the wild oxen, you have answered me.
22 ‡I will declare your name to my brothers.
Among the assembly, I will praise you. § *
23 You who fear Adonai, praise him!
All you descendants of Jacob [Supplanter], glorify him!
Stand in awe of him, all you descendants of Israel [God prevails]!
24 For he has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted,
Neither has he hidden his face from him;
but when he cried to him, he sh'ma ·heard obeyed·.
25 Of you comes my tehilah ·praise song· in the great assembly.
I will pay my vows before those who fear him.
26 The humble shall eat and be satisfied.
They shall praise Adonai who seek after him.
Let your hearts live forever.
27 †All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn ‡ to Adonai .
All the relatives of the nations shall hawa ·bow low, prostrate· to worship before you.
28 For the kingdom is Adonai ’s.
He is the ruler over the nations.
29 All the rich ones of the earth shall eat and worship.
All those who go down to the dust shall bow before him,
even he who can’t keep his soul alive.
30 Posterity shall serve him.
Future generations shall be told about 'Adonay [Lord].
31 They shall come and shall declare his righteousness to a people that shall be born,
for he has done it.
* 22: Context of Matt 26:24 † 22:1 (context all ch 22) MP: When Yeshua quotes the first line, this is traditional Jewish method of making reference to the entire passage, by quoting the first few lines. Because people memorized the Bible back then, the entire passage and context was brought to memory. This is probably why the Rabbis said that Yeshua is calling to Elijah (misdirection) and not quoting Psalm 22:1, because the entire Psalm speaks of this moment. They could see Yeshua's intention for people to compare the Psalm with his current execution. (Matt 27:46) ‡ 22:1 . Quoted in Matt 27:46; Mark 15:34. In this time period of Judaism, when the first verse in a section is referenced, this refers to the entire chapter. Therefore the entire chapter of Ps 22 is referred to. § 22:1 a MP: Messiah will cry out to God, “My God! My God! Why have you abandoned me? Why so far from helping me, so far from my anguished cries?” (Matt 27:46) * 22:1 b MP: Messiah is forsaken by God. (See also Is 53:4b). (Consider “sent out and divorced” in Gen 3:23-24a). (Mark 15:34) † 22:6 b MP: Messiah is despised. (See also Is 53:3a). (Luke 23:21-25) ‡ 22:7 . MP: Messiah is mocked by people shaking their heads. (Matt 27:39-40) § 22:7 . Quoted in Luke 23:35 * 22:7 . Quoted in Matt 27:39 † 22:8 . MP: Mockers will say of the Messiah, “he trusted God, let Him deliver him.” (Matt 27:43) ‡ 22:8 . Quoted in Matt 27:43; Luke 23:35 § 22:8 . Quoted in Matt 27:43 * 22:9 (9-10) MP: Messiah is dedicated to God’s work from the womb. (Matt 1:20-21) † 22:11 b MP: Messiah is abandoned by the disciples. (Matt 26:56) ‡ 22:14 a MP: “Poured out like water” Combined context refers to piercing (Ps 22:16) causing internal fluids to pour out (Ps 22:14). Could also reference the “pouring out” of a drink offering. Only during the Great Hossanah feast, on the 7th day of Sukkot, is both water and wine poured out together before God. (See notes on Is 55:1-2). (John 19:34) § 22:14 b MP: Bones are out of joint. When being lifted up to die, hanging by hands and feet will easily disjoint the bones, especially as he pulls upward to breathe placing extra stress on joints to sustain some life. (See also Ps 22:17a, 34:20). (Luke 23:33) * 22:14 c MP: Messiah’s heart melts like wax. The blood and water running out of the pierced side align with a disorder called “pericardial effusion”. Stress on the heart causing edema (swelling fluids) in the outer sac of the heart muscle. By going upward from the side with a spear, up to 2 liters of water could pour out along with the blood when the heart was pierced. (See also Ps 22:17a). (John 19:33-34) † 22:15 b MP: Messiah will thirst. (See also Ps 69:21a, 69:21b). (Matt 27:48; John 19:28-29) ‡ 22:16 a MP: Messiah is surrounded by Gentiles “dogs” at his crucifixion. “Dog” is a derogatory term for non-Jews, Gentiles. New Covenant example of metaphor (Matt 15:21-27). (Matt 27:38) § 22:16 b MP: Messiah is surrounded by enemies at his death. (Matt 27:41-43) * 22:16 c MP: Messiah’s hands and feet are pierced. (Luke 23:33, 24:39) † 22:17 a MP: The ability to count all bones implies no divided or broken bones, therefore none of his bones are broken (Ps 34:21), just as the Pesac ·Passover· lamb (Ex 12:46). (See also Ps 22:14b, 22:14c, 34:19-20). (John 19:34, 19:36) ‡ 22:17 b MP: People will stare and witness Messiah during his death including piercing. (Luke 23:35; John 19:20) Note: In the future, the people of Israel will look upon this same person, “whom they have pierced” (Zech 12:10). § 22:18 . MP: The Messiah’s garments are divided; lots are divided; lots are cast for his clothes. (Matt 27:35; John 19:23-24) * 22:18 . Quoted in Matt 27:35; Luke 23:34; John 19:24 † 22:21 . Quoted in 2 Tim 4:7 ‡ 22:22 . MP: Messiah calls these believers, or those who do the Father’s will, brethren or brothers. (John 15:15; Heb 2:11-12) § 22:22 . Paraphrase Quoted in John 20:17 with Heb 2:11-12 * 22:22 . Quoted in Heb 2:11-12 with John 20:17 † 22:27 (27-28) MP: All nations and peoples of the earth will recall, worship, and serve Yahweh. The Messiah is implied by subject and topic of the chapter and (Ps 2:8) inheritance of the nations. (Rev 7:9-10) ‡ 22:27 . Quoted in Luke 24:47