Exodus 9
Overview
9:1 The murrain of beasts;
9:8 The plague of boils and blains;
9:13 The message of Moses about the hail;
9:22 The plague of hail;
9:27 Pharaoh sues to Moses, but yet is hardened. Verse 1 Exodus 9:13, 3:18, 4:22, 4:23, 5:1, 8:1, 8:20, 10:3 Reciprocal 7:16 - The Lord; 2 Corinthians 11:22 - Hebrews Verse 2 Exodus 4:23, 8:2, 10:4; Leviticus 26:14-16, 26:23, 26:24, 26:27, 26:28; Psalm 7:11, 7:12, 68:21; Isaiah 1:20; Romans 2:8; Revelation 2:21, 2:22, 16:9 Reciprocal Genesis 24:5 - Peradventure; Exodus 7:14 - he refuseth; Job 20:10 - his hands; Jeremiah 50:33 - they refused Verse 3 the hand Exodus 7:4, 8:19; 1 Samuel 5:6-11, 6:9; Acts 13:11 murrainWe may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See Bryant, pp. 87-93. Exodus 5:3 Reciprocal Genesis 47:6 - cattle; 47:17 - for horses; Exodus 8:26 - the abomination; 9:15 - stretch; Psalm 78:50 - life over to the pestilence; 107:38 - suffereth; Jeremiah 50:33 - they refused; Amos 4:10 - pestilence Verse 4 Exodus 8:22, 10:23, 12:13; Isaiah 65:13, 65:14; Malachi 3:18 Reciprocal Exodus 9:26 - General; Amos 4:7 - and I; Revelation 7:3 - till Verse 5 a set time Exodus 9:18, 8:23, 10:4; Numbers 16:5; Job 24:1; Ecclesiastes 3:1-11; Jeremiah 28:16, 28:17; Matthew 27:63, 27:64 Reciprocal 2 Kings 7:1 - To morrow Verse 6 Exodus 9:19, 9:25; Psalm 78:48, 78:50 Reciprocal Exodus 8:22 - sever; 9:15 - stretch; 9:26 - General; 2 Kings 7:1 - To morrow Verse 7 the heart Exodus 9:12, 7:14, 8:32; Job 9:4; Proverbs 29:1; Isaiah 48:4; Daniel 5:20; Romans 9:18
Verse 8 Take toThis was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. See Bryant, pp. 93-106. Exodus 8:16 Reciprocal Ezekiel 10:2 - coals; Revelation 16:2 - a noisome Verse 9 a boil Leviticus 13:18-20; Deuteronomy 28:27, 28:35; Job 2:7; Revelation 16:2
Verse 10 a boil Deuteronomy 28:27 Reciprocal Genesis 47:6 - cattle; Exodus 15:26 - diseases Verse 11 Exodus 7:11, 7:12, 8:18, 8:19; Isaiah 47:12-14; 2 Timothy 3:8, 3:9; Revelation 16:2 Reciprocal Genesis 41:8 - the magicians of Egypt; Exodus 15:26 - diseases; Deuteronomy 7:15 - will put none; 9:2 - Who can stand; 28:27 - the botch; Isaiah 44:25 - maketh; Micah 3:7 - the seers; Acts 8:9 - used; Revelation 13:13 - he doeth Verse 12 Exodus 4:21, 7:13, 7:14; Psalm 81:11, 81:12; Revelation 16:10, 16:11
Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience.Reciprocal Exodus 9:7 - the heart; 10:20 - General; Psalm 69:27 - Add; Amos 4:10 - yet Verse 13 Exodus 9:1, 7:15, 8:20 Reciprocal 3:18 - The Lord; 7:16 - The Lord; 1 Chronicles 16:21 - he reproved; 2 Corinthians 11:22 - Hebrews Verse 14 send all Leviticus 26:18, 26:21, 26:28; Deuteronomy 28:15-17, 28:59-61, 29:20-22, 32:39-42; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Kings 8:38; Jeremiah 19:8; Micah 6:13; Revelation 18:8, 22:18 that thou Exodus 8:10 Reciprocal Genesis 41:25 - God; Exodus 11:1 - Yet will; 2 Samuel 22:28 - but thine; 2 Kings 24:20 - through; Job 9:4 - who hath hardened; 27:22 - For God; Isaiah 26:11 - they shall; 40:18 - General; Jeremiah 4:10 - the sword; 10:6 - there; 16:21 - I will this; Ezekiel 29:6 - know; 35:4 - and thou; Daniel 4:32 - until; 5:21 - his heart was made like; John 19:11 - Thou Verse 15 stretch Exodus 9:3, 9:6, 9:16, 3:20 that 11:4-6, 12:29, 12:30 cut off 14:28; 1 Kings 13:34; Proverbs 2:22 Reciprocal 2 Samuel 4:11 - from; 1 Kings 8:42 - thy strong hand; 2 Kings 17:36 - a stretched; 19:19 - O Lord; Isaiah 37:20 - that all; Jeremiah 21:5 - with an Verse 16 deed Exodus 14:17; Psalm 83:17, 83:18; Proverbs 16:4; Romans 9:17, 9:22; 1 Peter 2:8, 2:19; Jude 1:4 raised thee upHeb. made thee standfor to Exodus 14:4, 15:11-16, 18:11; Joshua 2:10, 2:11; 1 Samuel 4:8; Psalm 136:10-15 that my 1 Chronicles 16:24; Psalm 64:9, 83:17, 83:18; Isaiah 63:12-14; Malachi 1:11, 1:14; Romans 9:17 Reciprocal Exodus 7:3 - multiply; 9:15 - stretch; 10:1 - that I; 15:7 - the greatness; Numbers 23:22 - God; Joshua 4:24 - all the people; 9:9 - we have; 11:20 - it was; Judges 3:12 - and the Lord; 1 Samuel 6:6 - the Egyptians; 17:46 - all the earth; 2 Samuel 7:23 - make him; 17:14 - the Lord; 2 Kings 19:19 - O Lord; 2 Chronicles 25:16 - determined; Nehemiah 9:10 - didst; Job 40:11 - behold; Psalm 76:10 - Surely; 105:25 - He turned; 106:8 - that he; Isaiah 33:5 - The Lord; 37:20 - that all; 41:20 - General; 45:9 - unto him; 54:16 - I have; Jeremiah 32:20 - and hast; Ezekiel 28:14 - and I; 28:22 - I will; 31:9 - made; 39:21 - I will set; Daniel 4:17 - the basest; 9:15 - and hast; John 17:6 - have manifested; Romans 8:39 - height; 2 Corinthians 10:5 - and every; 1 Thessalonians 5:9 - not; Revelation 6:4 - power; 13:7 - and power Verse 17 Job 9:4, 15:25, 15:26, 40:9; Isaiah 10:15, 26:11, 37:23, 37:24, 37:29, 45:9; Acts 12:23; 1 Corinthians 10:22 Reciprocal Exodus 10:3 - How long; 18:11 - proudly; 1 Kings 1:5 - exalted; 2 Kings 19:22 - exalted thy voice; 2 Chronicles 36:13 - hardened; Nehemiah 9:10 - they; Job 40:11 - behold; Psalm 10:2 - The wicked; 76:10 - Surely; Isaiah 5:15 - the eyes; 33:5 - The Lord; 57:4 - Against; Jeremiah 43:2 - all the; 44:10 - are not; 48:26 - for he; 50:33 - they refused; Ezekiel 28:6 - Because; Daniel 5:20 - when; Amos 4:10 - yet; Zephaniah 2:10 - and magnified; Romans 8:39 - height; 2 Corinthians 10:5 - and every; Revelation 6:4 - power Verse 18 to morrow 1 Kings 19:2, 20:6; 2 Kings 7:1, 7:18 I will causeThis must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely anything could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant, pp. 108-117. Exodus 9:22-25; Psalm 83:15 Reciprocal Exodus 9:5 - a set time; 10:4 - morrow; 1 Samuel 28:19 - and to morrow; 1 Kings 13:5 - General; Job 37:13 - whether; 38:23 - General; Psalm 78:47 - with hail; 105:32 - them hail for rain; Isaiah 28:17 - and the hail; 32:19 - it shall; Jeremiah 50:33 - they refused; Ezekiel 13:13 - and great; Jonah 3:5 - believed; Haggai 2:17 - with hail; Habakkuk 3:1 - warned; Revelation 11:19 - and great Verse 19 and gather Habakkuk 3:2 the hail Exodus 9:25 Reciprocal 9:6 - General; Isaiah 28:17 - and the hail; Ezekiel 33:5 - But Verse 20 Proverbs 16:16, 22:3, 22:23; Jonah 3:5, 3:6; Mark 13:14-16; Habakkuk 3:1 Reciprocal Deuteronomy 4:34 - temptations; 2 Kings 6:10 - sent to the place; Proverbs 27:12 - General; Habakkuk 3:2 - I have; Matthew 24:16 - General; Luke 21:21 - flee; Acts 27:11 - believed Verse 21 regarded notHeb. set not his heart unto, Exodus 7:23; 1 Samuel 4:20 *marg. 1 Chronicles 22:19; Job 7:17, 34:14; Proverbs 24:32 *marg. Ezekiel 40:4; Daniel 10:12 Reciprocal Genesis 19:14 - as one; 47:6 - cattle; Deuteronomy 4:34 - temptations; 2 Kings 6:10 - sent to the place; 2 Chronicles 11:16 - set; Proverbs 22:3 - prudent; 27:12 - General; Ezekiel 44:5 - mark well; Habakkuk 3:2 - I have; Haggai 1:5 - Consider your ways; Matthew 24:16 - General; Luke 21:21 - flee; Acts 27:11 - believed Verse 22 Exodus 7:19, 8:5, 8:16; Revelation 16:21 Reciprocal Exodus 9:18 - I will cause; 10:21 - Stretch; Joshua 10:11 - the Lord; Ezekiel 38:22 - an overflowing Verse 23 the Lord sent Exodus 19:16, 20:18; 1 Samuel 12:17, 12:18; Job 37:1-5; Psalm 29:3, 77:18; Revelation 16:18, 16:21 and hail Joshua 10:11; Job 38:22, 38:23; Psalm 18:13, 78:47, 78:48, 105:32, 105:33, 148:8; Isaiah 30:30; Ezekiel 38:22; Revelation 8:7 Reciprocal Exodus 7:9 - Take; 7:19 - stretch; 9:24 - none like; Deuteronomy 9:15 - the mount; 1 Samuel 7:10 - thundered; Job 20:23 - rain it; 27:21 - a storm; 36:31 - by; 38:35 - Canst; Psalm 11:6 - Upon; 18:12 - hail; 29:7 - flames; 140:10 - burning coals; 147:17 - casteth; Jeremiah 10:13 - maketh; Amos 7:4 - called; Revelation 20:9 - and fire Verse 24 none like Exodus 9:23, 10:6; Matthew 24:21 Reciprocal Job 38:23 - General; Psalm 11:6 - Upon; 18:12 - hail; 140:10 - burning coals; Amos 7:4 - called; Revelation 20:9 - and fire Verse 25 smote every Psalm 105:33 Reciprocal Exodus 9:6 - General; 9:19 - the hail Verse 26 Exodus 8:22-32, 9:4, 9:6, 10:23, 11:7, 12:13; Isaiah 32:18, 32:19 Reciprocal Genesis 45:10 - in the land; 47:1 - in the land; Amos 4:7 - and I Verse 27 I have Exodus 10:16; Numbers 22:34; 1 Samuel 15:24, 15:30, 26:21; Matthew 27:4 the Lord 2 Chronicles 12:6; Psalm 9:16, 129:4, 145:17; Lamentations 1:18; Daniel 9:14; Romans 2:5, 3:19 Reciprocal Exodus 8:25 - General; Numbers 21:7 - We have; 1 Samuel 24:17 - Thou art; Proverbs 14:19 - General Verse 28 Entreat Exodus 8:8, 8:28, 10:17; Acts 8:24 mighty thunderingsHeb. voices of God, Psalm 29:3, 29:4 ye shall Exodus 11:1 Reciprocal Genesis 30:8 - great wrestlings; Exodus 10:24 - Go ye; 12:32 - bless me; 19:16 - thunders; Numbers 21:7 - We have; Judges 11:8 - the elders; 1 Samuel 5:7 - saw; 12:19 - Pray for thy; 2 Samuel 24:16 - It is enough; 1 Kings 13:6 - now; 1 Chronicles 21:15 - It is enough; Job 1:16 - The fire of God; Psalm 36:6 - great mountains; 78:48 - hot thunderbolts; Proverbs 14:19 - General; Jeremiah 34:11 - General; 37:3 - Pray; 42:2 - and pray; James 5:16 - The effectual Verse 29 spread Exodus 9:33; 1 Kings 8:22, 8:38; 2 Chronicles 6:12, 6:13; Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13; Psalm 143:6; Isaiah 1:15 that the earth Deuteronomy 10:14; Psalm 24:1, 24:2, 50:12, 95:4, 95:5, 135:6; 1 Corinthians 10:26, 10:28 Reciprocal Exodus 8:10 - there is none; 19:5 - all the earth; 19:16 - thunders; 24:18 - went into; Job 38:35 - Canst; Psalm 44:20 - stretched; Daniel 4:32 - until; James 5:16 - The effectual Verse 30 Proverbs 16:6; Isaiah 26:10, 63:17 Reciprocal Jeremiah 44:10 - neither Verse 31 flaxThe word pishteh, flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from pashat, to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors.the barleyThe Hebrew seorah, barley, in Arabic shair, and shairat, is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from saa?r, to stand on end as the hair of the head: hence sea?r, the hair of the head. So its Latin name hordeum is from horreo, to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May. Ruth 1:22, 2:23; Amos 4:9; Habakkuk 3:17 Reciprocal Isaiah 28:25 - in the principal Verse 32 not grown upHeb. hidden, or dark, Exodus 10:22 Reciprocal 10:5 - the residue; Ruth 1:22 - in the beginning; Isaiah 28:25 - in the principal Verse 33 spread Exodus 9:29, 8:12 and the thunders 10:18, 10:19; James 5:17, 5:18 Reciprocal Exodus 7:19 - stretch; 8:30 - entreated; 24:18 - went into; 1 Kings 8:22 - spread forth; 2 Chronicles 6:12 - spread forth; Ezra 9:5 - spread; Psalm 29:3 - thundereth; James 5:16 - The effectual; Revelation 8:7 - hail Verse 34 saw Exodus 8:15; Ecclesiastes 8:11 and hardened Exodus 4:21, 7:14; 2 Chronicles 28:22, 33:23, 36:13; Romans 2:4, 2:5 Reciprocal Exodus 10:1 - I have hardened; 1 Samuel 6:6 - the Egyptians; Isaiah 26:10 - favour; Jeremiah 34:11 - General; Amos 4:10 - yet Verse 35 Reciprocal Exodus 4:21 - I will harden; 10:1 - I have hardened; Jeremiah 34:11 - General; Amos 4:10 - yet