1 Samuel 5
Overview
5:1 The Philistines having brought the ark into Ashdod, set it in the house of Dagon;
5:3 Dagon is smitten down and cut in pieces, and they of Ashdod smitten with emerods;
5:8 So God deals with them of Gath, when it was brought thither;
5:10 and so with them of Ekron, when it was brought thither. Verse 1 took 1 Samuel 4:11, 4:17, 4:18, 4:22; Psalm 78:61 Ebenezer 1 Samuel 4:1, 7:12 AshdodAshdod, called Azotus by the Greeks, was one of the five satrapies of the Philistines, and a place of great strength and consequence. It was situated near the Mediterranean, between Askelon and Jamnia, thirty-four miles north of Gaza, according to Diodorus Siculus, and the Antonine and Jerusalem Itineraries. It is now called Shdood; and Dr. Richardson says they neither saw nor heard of any ruins there. "The ground," he observes, "around Ashdod is beautifully undulating, but not half stocked with cattle. The site of the town is on the summit of a grassy hill; and, if we are to believe historians, was anciently as strong as it was beautiful." Joshua 11:22; Acts 8:40, AzotusReciprocal Joshua 15:46 - near; 1 Samuel 6:1 - the ark; 6:17 - Ashdod; 2 Chronicles 26:6 - about; Nehemiah 4:7 - Ashdodites; 13:23 - Ashdod; Daniel 5:23 - and they; Amos 3:9 - Ashdod Verse 2 of Dagon Judges 16:23; 1 Chronicles 10:10; Daniel 5:2, 5:23; Habakkuk 1:11, 1:16 Reciprocal Genesis 31:30 - my gods; Joshua 19:27 - Bethdagon; Judges 10:6 - the gods of the Philistines; 1 Samuel 14:18 - For the ark; 2 Samuel 5:21 - David; 1 Chronicles 14:12 - were burned; Nehemiah 4:7 - Ashdodites; Psalm 78:61 - his strength; Isaiah 19:1 - the idols; Daniel 1:2 - and he; Joel 3:5 - into; 2 Corinthians 6:14 - for; 6:15 - what concord Verse 3 Dagon was Exodus 12:12; Psalm 97:7; Isaiah 19:1, 46:1, 46:2; Zephaniah 2:11; Mark 3:11; Luke 10:18-20; 2 Corinthians 6:14-16 set him Isaiah 19:1, 40:20, 41:7, 44:17-20, 46:1, 46:2, 46:7; Jeremiah 10:8 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 5:7 - upon Dagon our god; 6:1 - the ark; 6:5 - off your; 11:14 - renew; Isaiah 41:6 - helped; 44:11 - all his; Jeremiah 22:28 - a despised; 48:13 - ashamed; Acts 19:28 - and cried Verse 4 the head Isaiah 2:18, 2:19, 27:9; Jeremiah 10:11, 50:2; Ezekiel 6:4-6; Daniel 11:8; Micah 1:7 of DagonThe name of this idol, Dagon, signifies a fish, and it is supposed to be the Atergatis of the Syrians, corruptly called Derceto by the Greeks, which had the upper part like a woman, and the lower part like a fish; as Lucian informs us:
Δερκετους δε ειδος εν Φοινικη εθεησαμην, θεημα ξενον; ημισεη μεν γυνη; το δε οκοσον εκ μηρων ες ακρους ποδας, ιχθυος ουρη αποτεινεται
"In Phoenicia I saw the image of Derceto; a strange sight truly! For she had the half of a woman, but from the thighs downward a fish's tail."
Diodorus (1. ii.) describing the same idol, as represented at Askelon, says, το μεν προσωπον εχει γυναικος, το δἀλλο σωμα παν ιχθυος. "It had the head of a woman, but all the rest of the body a fish's.
Probably Horace alludes to this idol, in De Art. Poet. 1:4
Desinat in piscem, mulier formosa superne." "The upper part a handsome woman, and the lower part a fish." If such was the form of this idol, then everything that was human was broken off from what resembled a fish.the stumpor, the fishy partReciprocal Exodus 20:23 - General; 1 Samuel 5:7 - upon Dagon our god; 6:5 - off your; Isaiah 40:20 - shall not; Hosea 10:2 - break down Verse 5 neither Psalm 115:4-7, 135:15-18 tread Joshua 5:15; Zephaniah 1:9 Reciprocal Genesis 32:32 - eat not; Exodus 20:23 - General Verse 6 the hand 1 Samuel 5:7, 5:11; Exodus 9:3; Psalm 32:4; Acts 13:11 emerods 1 Samuel 5:9, 5:11, 6:5; Deuteronomy 28:27; Job 31:3; Psalm 78:66 thereofThe LXX and Vulgate add:
Και μεσον της χωρας αυτης ανεφυησαν μυες και εγενετο συγχυσις θανατου μεγαλη εν τη πολει.
(Et ebullierunt ville et agri in medio regionis illius, et nati sunt mures; et facta est confusio mortis magne in civitate).
"And (the cities and fields in Vulg.) the midst of that region produced mice; (Vulg. burst up, and mice were produced;) and there was the confusion of a great death in the city." 1 Samuel 6:4, 6:5 Reciprocal Genesis 41:31 - grievous; Deuteronomy 2:15 - the hand of the; Joshua 15:46 - near; 2 Chronicles 26:6 - about; Psalm 38:2 - thy hand; 44:2 - how thou didst afflict; Isaiah 26:11 - they shall; Revelation 16:2 - a noisome Verse 7 saw 1 Samuel 4:8; Exodus 8:8, 8:28, 9:28, 10:7, 12:33 The ark 1 Samuel 6:20; 2 Samuel 6:9; 1 Chronicles 13:11-13, 15:13 upon Dagon our god 1 Samuel 5:3, 5:4; Jeremiah 46:25, 48:7 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 5:6 - the hand; 6:3 - known; 6:5 - off your; Psalm 32:4 - hand; 44:2 - how thou didst afflict; Ezekiel 39:21 - and my Verse 8 What shall Zechariah 12:3 Gath 1 Samuel 17:4; Amos 6:2 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 6:17 - Gath; 6:20 - General; 29:2 - the lords; 1 Chronicles 18:1 - Gath Verse 9 the hand 1 Samuel 5:6, 7:13, 12:15; Deuteronomy 2:15; Amos 5:19, 9:1-4 with a very 1 Samuel 5:11 and they had emerods 5:6, 6:4, 6:5, 6:11; Psalm 78:66 Reciprocal Deuteronomy 28:27 - emerods; 1 Samuel 6:3 - known; 2 Kings 23:2 - both small and great; Psalm 32:4 - hand; 107:40 - contempt; Acts 13:11 - hand; Revelation 16:2 - a noisome Verse 10 God to Ekron Joshua 15:45; Judges 1:18; 2 Kings 1:2; Amos 1:8 us, to slay us and our peopleHeb. me, to slay me and my peopleReciprocal Genesis 20:18 - General; Joshua 15:11 - Ekron; 19:43 - Ekron; 1 Samuel 6:1 - the ark; 6:16 - they returned; 6:17 - Ekron; 2 Samuel 6:9 - afraid; 1 Chronicles 13:12 - afraid of God Verse 11 us not, and our peopleHeb. me not, and my peoplea deadly Isaiah 13:7-9; Jeremiah 48:42-44 the hand 1 Samuel 5:6, 5:9 Reciprocal Genesis 20:17 - General; Deuteronomy 2:15 - the hand of the; Ruth 1:13 - the hand; 1 Samuel 6:1 - the ark; 6:3 - known; 6:5 - lighten; 2 Samuel 6:9 - afraid; 1 Chronicles 13:12 - afraid of God; Psalm 32:4 - hand; 38:2 - thy hand; Ezekiel 39:21 - and my; Acts 13:11 - hand Verse 12 died 1 Kings 19:17; Amos 5:19 the cry 1 Samuel 9:16; Exodus 12:30; Isaiah 15:3-5; Jeremiah 14:2, 25:34, 48:3 Reciprocal Genesis 20:17 - General; Deuteronomy 28:27 - emerods; Jeremiah 46:12 - thy cry Verse 1 am the ark 1 Samuel 5:1, 5:3, 5:10, 5:11; Psalm 78:61
Verse 2 called Genesis 41:8; Exodus 7:11; Isaiah 47:12, 47:13; Daniel 2:2, 5:7; Matthew 2:4 wherewith Micah 6:6-9 Reciprocal Judges 18:17 - the graven; Jonah 1:11 - What Verse 3 empty Exodus 23:15, 34:20; Deuteronomy 16:16 a trespass Leviticus 5:6, 5:15-19, 6:6, 7:1-7 known 1 Samuel 6:9, 5:7, 5:9, 5:11; Job 10:2, 34:31, 34:32 Reciprocal Exodus 8:19 - This is; Jonah 1:11 - What Verse 4 Five golden 1 Samuel 6:5, 6:17, 6:18, 5:6, 5:9; Exodus 12:35; Joshua 13:3; Judges 3:3 you allHeb. themReciprocal Exodus 11:1 - Yet will; 1 Samuel 6:8 - jewels; 6:16 - the five; 29:2 - the lords; Psalm 78:66 - And he; 107:40 - contempt; Isaiah 44:11 - all his Verse 5 miceBochart has collected many curious accounts relative to the terrible devastations made by these mischievous animals. William, Archbishop of Tyre, records, that in the beginning of the twelfth century, a penitential council was held at Naplouse, where five and twenty canons were framed for the correction of the manners of the inhabitants of the Christian kingdom of Jerusalem, who they apprehended had provoked to bring upon them the calamities of earthquakes, war, and famine. This last he ascribes to locusts and devouring mice, which had for four years together so destroyed the fruits of the earth as to cause an almost total failure of their crops. It was customary for the ancient heathen to offer to their gods such monuments of their deliverance as represented the evils from which they had been rescued; and Tavernier informs us, that among the Indians, when a pilgrim goes to one of the pagodas for a cure, he brings the figure of the member affected, made of gold, silver, or copper, according to his circumstances, which he offers to his god. Exodus 8:5, 8:17, 8:24, 10:14, 10:15; Joel 1:4-7, 2:25 give glory Joshua 7:19; Psalm 18:44, 66:3 *marg. Isaiah 42:12; Jeremiah 3:13, 13:16; Malachi 2:2; John 9:24; Revelation 11:13, 16:9 lighten 1 Samuel 5:6, 5:11; Psalm 32:4, 39:10 off your 1 Samuel 5:3, 5:4, 5:7; Exodus 12:12; Numbers 33:4; Isaiah 19:1 Reciprocal Genesis 32:20 - peradventure; 1 Samuel 5:9 - and they had emerods; 6:4 - Five golden; 6:8 - jewels; Isaiah 44:11 - all his; Joel 2:14 - Who; Revelation 14:7 - give Verse 6 harden Job 9:4; Psalm 95:8; Romans 2:5; Habakkuk 3:13 the Egyptians Exodus 7:13, 8:15, 9:16, 9:34, 10:3, 14:17, 14:23, 15:14-16 wonderfullyor, reproachfullydid they not 12:31-33 the peopleHeb. themReciprocal 11:10 - the Lord; Job 15:25 - strengtheneth; Daniel 5:20 - hardened; Habakkuk 3:8 - Harden Verse 7 new cart 2 Samuel 6:3; 1 Chronicles 13:7 on which Numbers 19:2 Reciprocal Genesis 24:14 - thereby; 1 Kings 18:44 - Prepare Verse 8 jewels 1 Samuel 6:4, 6:5
Verse 9 Bethshemesh Joshua 15:10, 21:16 heor, it, Amos 3:6 we shall 1 Samuel 6:3 not his hand Isaiah 26:11 a chance 2 Samuel 1:6; Ecclesiastes 9:11; Luke 10:31 Reciprocal Exodus 8:19 - This is; 9:3 - the hand; Joshua 19:22 - Bethshemesh; 1 Samuel 25:38 - the Lord; 2 Samuel 11:25 - for the sword; 2 Kings 1:11 - Again; 14:11 - Bethshemesh; 2 Chronicles 25:21 - Bethshemesh; 28:18 - Bethshemesh; Job 5:6 - trouble; Psalm 32:4 - hand; 38:2 - thy hand; Jeremiah 5:12 - have belied; Ezekiel 39:21 - and my; Mark 11:13 - haply Verse 10 Reciprocal 1 Kings 18:44 - Prepare Verse 11 they laid 2 Samuel 6:3; 1 Chronicles 13:7, 15:13-15 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 5:9 - and they had emerods Verse 12 Reciprocal Joshua 15:10 - Bethshemesh; 21:16 - Bethshemesh; 1 Samuel 6:16 - the five; 2 Samuel 20:13 - the highway; 1 Kings 4:9 - Bethshemesh; 1 Chronicles 6:59 - Bethshemesh Verse 14 offered 1 Samuel 7:9-17, 11:5, 20:29; Exodus 20:24; Judges 6:26, 21:4; 2 Samuel 24:18, 24:22, 24:25; 1 Kings 18:30-38 Reciprocal 1 Chronicles 21:23 - the oxen Verse 15 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 7:9 - a sucking Verse 16 the five 1 Samuel 6:4, 6:12; Joshua 13:3; Judges 3:3, 16:5, 16:23-30 they returned 1 Samuel 5:10 Reciprocal Judges 4:5 - between; 1 Samuel 6:18 - the five lords Verse 17 these 1 Samuel 6:4 Ashdod 5:1; 2 Chronicles 26:6; Jeremiah 25:20; Zechariah 9:6 Gaza Judges 16:1, 16:21; Amos 1:7, 1:8 Askelon Judges 1:18; Zechariah 9:5 Gath 1 Samuel 5:8; 2 Samuel 1:20, 21:22; Amos 6:2 Ekron 1 Samuel 5:10; 2 Kings 1:2; Amos 1:8 Reciprocal Joshua 10:41 - Gaza; 13:3 - five Lords; 15:45 - Ekron; Judges 4:5 - between; Isaiah 14:29 - whole; 20:1 - Ashdod; Amos 1:6 - Gaza Verse 18 the five lords 1 Samuel 6:16; Joshua 13:3 great stone ofor, great stoneReciprocal Genesis 50:11 - Abelmizraim; Judges 3:3 - five lords; 1 Samuel 6:4 - Five golden; Isaiah 14:29 - whole Verse 19 he smote Exodus 19:21; Leviticus 10:1-3; Numbers 4:4, 4:5, 4:15, 4:20; Deuteronomy 29:29; 2 Samuel 6:7; 1 Chronicles 13:9, 13:10; Colossians 2:18; 1 Peter 4:17 fifty thousandAs it is very improbable that the village of Beth-shemesh should contain, or be capable of employing, 50,070 men in the fields at wheat harvest, much less that they could all peep into the ark, and from the uncommon manner in which it is expressed in the original, it is generally allowed that there is some corruption in the text, or that some explanatory word is omitted. The Hebrew is shivim ish, chamishim aileph ish, literally, "seventy men, fifty thousand men." So LXX εβδομηκοντα ανδρας και πεντηκοντα χιλιαδας ανδρων. Vulgate, septuaginta viros, et quinquaginta millia plebis. "70 (chief) men, and 50,000 common people." Targum, besabey amma, "of the elders of the people 70 men, ovekahala, and in the congregation 50,000 men." But the Syriac, chamsho alphin weshivin gavrin, "5,000 and 70 men;" with which the Arabic agrees; while Josephus has only εβδομηκοντα, seventy men; and three reputable manuscripts of Dr. Kennicott's also omit "50,000 men." Some learned men, however, would render, by supplying מ, mem, "70 men; fifty out of a thousand;" which supposes about 1,400 present, and that a twentieth part were slain.Reciprocal Exodus 30:20 - die not; Leviticus 10:2 - they died; Numbers 1:51 - the stranger; 1:53 - there be; 3:10 - and the stranger; 4:18 - General; 8:19 - that there; 17:13 - any thing; 18:4 - a stranger; 2 Samuel 24:15 - the Lord; 1 Chronicles 21:14 - seventy; 2 Chronicles 25:21 - Bethshemesh; Psalm 9:16 - known; Luke 19:21 - because; Acts 5:5 - great Verse 20 1 Samuel 5:8-12; Numbers 17:12, 17:13; 2 Samuel 6:7, 6:9; 1 Chronicles 13:11-13; Psalm 76:7; Malachi 3:2; Luke 5:8, 8:37 Reciprocal Leviticus 10:3 - I will be; 11:44 - ye shall; Joshua 24:19 - holy; 1 Samuel 5:7 - The ark; 1 Kings 4:9 - Bethshemesh; 1 Chronicles 13:12 - afraid of God; 2 Chronicles 25:21 - Bethshemesh; Psalm 9:16 - known; 119:120 - My flesh; Zechariah 3:1 - standing; Mark 5:15 - and they; Acts 19:17 - and fear Verse 21 Kirjathjearim Joshua 18:14; Judges 18:12; 1 Chronicles 13:5, 13:6; Psalm 78:60; Jeremiah 7:12, 7:14 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 7:1 - Kirjathjearim; Psalm 78:67 - General; Ezekiel 25:15 - to destroy; Mark 5:15 - and they