Leviticus 23
Overview
23:1 The feasts of the Lord;
23:3 The sabbath;
23:4 The passover;
23:9 The sheaf of first-fruits;
23:15 The feast of Pentecost;
23:22 Gleanings to be left for the poor;
23:23 The feast of trumpets;
23:26 The day of atonement;
23:33 The feast of tabernacles. Verse 1 Reciprocal Leviticus 23:44 - General; 1 Chronicles 23:31 - set feasts; 2 Chronicles 2:4 - the solemn feasts; 8:13 - every day; Isaiah 1:13 - the new; Ezekiel 44:24 - in all; 45:17 - in the feasts; 46:11 - in the feasts; Galatians 4:10 - General; Colossians 2:16 - of an Verse 2 the feastsGod appointed several festivals among the Jews. The Passover was celebrated on the 14th, or rather 15th day of the first month in the ecclesiastical year, which was the seventh of the civil year, and lasted seven days. The Pentecost was celebrated on the fiftieth day after the passover, in memory of the law's being given to Moses on Mount Sinai, fifty days, or seven weeks after the departure out of Egypt. The word is derived from the Greek word Πεντηκοστη, which signifies the fiftieth. The Hebrews call it the feast of weeks, Exodus 34:22. The feast of trumpets, celebrated on the first day of the civil year, when a trumpet was sounded, to proclaim its commencement, which was in the month Tisri, answering to our September, Leviticus 23:24, 23:25. The new moons, or first days of every month, were, in some sort, a consequence of the feast of trumpets. God ordained that, by giving him the first-fruits of every month they should acknowledge him as the Lord of all their time, and own his providence, by which all times and seasons are ordered. The feast of expiation or atonement was kept on the 10th day of Tisri or September: the Hebrews call it Kippur, i.e., pardon or expiation, because it was instituted for the expiation of their sins. The feast of tents or tabernacles was so called, because the Israelites kept it under green tents or arbours, in memory of their dwelling in their passage through the wilderness. It was celebrated on the 15th day of Tisri, and continued eight days: the first and last days are the most solemn. Besides the feasts mentioned by Moses, we find the feast of lots, or Purim, which was celebrated among the Jews of Shushan on the 14th of Adar, which answers to our February. The feast of the dedication of the temple, or rather, of the restoration of the temple, which had been profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes, which is thought to be the feast mentioned in the gospel John 10:22, was celebrated in the winter. Moa?dim, properly means assemblies, convened at an appointed time and place. Leviticus 23:4, 23:37; Exodus 23:14-17; Isaiah 1:13, 1:14, 33:20; Lamentations 1:4; Hosea 2:11; Nahum 1:15; John 5:1; Colossians 2:1 proclaim Exodus 32:5; Numbers 10:2, 10:3, 10:10; 2 Kings 10:20; 2 Chronicles 30:5; Psalm 81:3; Joel 1:14, 2:15; Jonah 3:5-9 Reciprocal Exodus 12:16 - first day; Leviticus 23:21 - proclaim; 23:44 - General; Numbers 29:39 - in your set feasts; Judges 21:19 - a feast; 2 Chronicles 31:3 - the set feasts Verse 3 Leviticus 19:3; Exodus 16:23, 16:29, 20:8-11, 23:12, 31:15, 34:21, 35:2, 35:3; Deuteronomy 5:13; Isaiah 56:2, 56:6, 58:13; Luke 13:14, 23:56; Acts 15:21; Revelation 1:10 Reciprocal Genesis 2:3 - blessed; Exodus 12:16 - first day; 16:30 - General; 31:13 - Verily; Leviticus 16:29 - do no; 23:38 - the sabbaths; Numbers 28:25 - ye shall do; Nehemiah 10:31 - the people; Jeremiah 17:22 - neither do; Ezekiel 20:12 - I gave; Colossians 2:16 - or of the sabbath Verse 4 Leviticus 23:2, 23:37; Exodus 23:14 Reciprocal 12:14 - by an ordinance; 32:5 - made proclamation; Leviticus 23:21 - proclaim; Judges 21:19 - a feast; 2 Chronicles 30:5 - to make proclamation; Nehemiah 8:15 - And that Verse 5 Exodus 12:2-14, 12:18, 13:3-10, 23:15; Numbers 9:2-7, 28:16; Deuteronomy 16:1-8; Joshua 5:10; 2 Chronicles 35:18, 35:19; Matthew 26:17; Mark 14:12; Luke 22:7; 1 Corinthians 5:7, 5:8 Reciprocal Exodus 12:6 - fourteenth; 12:11 - it is the; 12:14 - by an ordinance; 12:15 - Seven; 23:14 - General; 2 Kings 23:21 - as it is written; 2 Chronicles 35:17 - the feast; Ezekiel 45:21 - ye shall; Luke 2:41 - the; 22:1 - General; John 6:4 - General Verse 6 Exodus 12:15, 12:16, 13:6, 13:7, 34:18; Numbers 28:17, 28:18; Deuteronomy 16:8; Acts 12:3, 12:4 Reciprocal Exodus 12:18 - General; 13:10 - General; Deuteronomy 16:3 - eat no; Joshua 5:11 - unleavened cakes; Judges 21:19 - a feast; 2 Chronicles 30:21 - the feast; Matthew 26:17 - the first; Mark 14:12 - the first; Luke 22:1 - General; 1 Corinthians 5:8 - let Verse 7 Numbers 28:18-25 Reciprocal Exodus 12:16 - first day; Leviticus 16:29 - do no; 23:35 - General; Luke 6:1 - the second; John 6:4 - General; 19:31 - that sabbath Verse 8 Reciprocal Exodus 12:16 - first day; 13:6 - General; Leviticus 16:29 - do no; 23:35 - General; Numbers 15:3 - in your; 28:18 - General; 28:25 - on the seventh; Ezekiel 45:23 - seven days Verse 9 Reciprocal Exodus 23:16 - feast of harvest Verse 10 When Leviticus 14:34 and shall 2:12-16; Exodus 22:29, 23:16, 23:19, 34:22, 34:26; Numbers 15:2, 15:18-21, 28:26; Deuteronomy 16:9; Joshua 3:15 sheafor, handful, Heb. omer, the first fruits, This offering was a public acknowledgment of the bounty and goodness of God for the kindly fruits of the earth. From the practice of the people of God, the heathen borrowed a similar one, founded on the same reason. Proverbs 3:9, 3:10; Ezekiel 44:30; Romans 11:16; 1 Corinthians 15:20-23; James 1:18; Revelation 14:4 Reciprocal Exodus 23:15 - and none; Leviticus 2:14 - a meat offering; 23:15 - General; 23:17 - the firstfruits; Numbers 18:20 - General; Deuteronomy 18:4 - firstfruit; Judges 21:19 - a feast; Luke 6:1 - the second Verse 11 Leviticus 9:21, 10:14; Exodus 29:24 Reciprocal 28:38 - accepted; Leviticus 23:15 - General; Numbers 6:20 - the priest shall; Luke 6:1 - the second Verse 12 Leviticus 1:10; Habakkuk 3:1-10:12; 1 Peter 1:19 Reciprocal Exodus 12:5 - a male of the first year; Leviticus 9:3 - both; 23:18 - seven lambs; Numbers 15:3 - in your Verse 13 the meat Leviticus 2:14-16, 14:10; Numbers 15:3-12 the drink Exodus 29:40, 29:41, 30:9; Numbers 28:10; Joel 1:9, 1:13, 2:14 the fourth Exodus 30:24; Ezekiel 4:11, 45:24, 46:14 Reciprocal Leviticus 23:18 - seven lambs; Numbers 15:4 - a meat; 28:7 - to be poured; 1 Samuel 10:3 - three kids; 1 Chronicles 29:21 - drink offerings; 2 Chronicles 29:35 - the drink; Psalm 16:4 - drink Verse 14 eat Leviticus 19:23-25, 25:2, 25:3; Genesis 4:4, 4:5; Joshua 5:11, 5:12 it shall be Leviticus 3:17, 10:11; Deuteronomy 16:12; Nehemiah 9:14; Psalm 19:8 Reciprocal Leviticus 2:14 - a meat offering; 23:21 - a statute Verse 15 Leviticus 23:10, 23:11, 25:8; Exodus 34:22; Deuteronomy 16:9, 16:10 Reciprocal Numbers 28:26 - in the day; Luke 6:1 - the second; Acts 2:1 - the day; 1 Corinthians 16:8 - Pentecost Verse 16 Acts 2:1 Reciprocal Exodus 19:1 - the third; 23:14 - General; Numbers 15:20 - the heave offering; Deuteronomy 16:9 - General; 2 Chronicles 31:7 - General Verse 17 two wave Numbers 28:26 leaven Leviticus 7:13; Matthew 13:33 the firstfruits Leviticus 23:10; Exodus 22:29, 23:16, 23:19, 34:22, 34:26; Numbers 15:17, 15:19-21; Deuteronomy 26:1, 26:2; Proverbs 3:9, 3:10; Romans 8:23; 1 Corinthians 15:20; James 1:18; Revelation 14:4 Reciprocal Leviticus 23:20 - wave them; Numbers 15:20 - the heave offering; 18:12 - the firstfruits; 18:20 - General; Deuteronomy 18:4 - firstfruit; Nehemiah 10:37 - the firstfruits; Amos 4:5 - offer a sacrifice Verse 18 seven lambs Leviticus 23:12, 23:13; Numbers 28:27-31; Malachi 1:13, 1:14 with their Numbers 15:4-12
Verse 19 one kid Leviticus 4:23-28, 16:15; Numbers 15:24, 28:30; Romans 8:3; 2 Corinthians 5:21 two lambs Leviticus 3:1-17, 7:11-18 Reciprocal 4:10 - peace offerings; Numbers 18:20 - General; 28:27 - two young Verse 20 wave them Leviticus 23:17, 7:29, 7:30; Exodus 29:24; Luke 2:14; Ephesians 2:14 holy to Leviticus 7:31-34, 8:29, 10:14, 10:15; Numbers 18:8-12; Deuteronomy 18:4; 1 Corinthians 9:11 Reciprocal Leviticus 2:14 - a meat offering; Numbers 15:20 - the heave offering; 18:12 - the firstfruits; 18:20 - General; Ezekiel 48:14 - for Verse 21 proclaim Leviticus 23:2, 23:4; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 16:11; Isaiah 11:10 a statute Leviticus 23:14; Genesis 17:7; Exodus 12:17; Numbers 18:23 Reciprocal Exodus 32:5 - made proclamation; Leviticus 16:29 - do no; Numbers 28:25 - ye shall do; Nehemiah 10:31 - on the holy day Verse 22 Leviticus 19:9, 19:10; Deuteronomy 16:11-14, 24:19-21; Ruth 2:3-7, 2:15, 2:16-23; Job 31:16-21; Psalm 41:1-3, 112:9; Proverbs 11:24, 11:25; Isaiah 58:7, 58:8, 58:10; Luke 11:41; 2 Corinthians 9:5-12
To the institution of the feast of pentecost is annexed a repetition of that law, by which they were required to leave the gleanings of their fields, and the corn that grew on the ends of the butts, for the poor. It may come in here as a thing which the priests must take occasion to remind the people of, when they brought their first-fruits, intimating to them, that to obey even in this small matter was better than sacrifice; and that unless they were obedient, their offerings should not be accepted. It also taught them that the joy of harvest should express itself in charity to the poor, who must have their due out of what we have, as well as God his. They that are truly sensible of the mercy they receive from God, will without grudging shew mercy to the poor.Reciprocal Ruth 2:2 - glean ears; Nehemiah 13:19 - began to be Verse 24 In the seventh Numbers 10:10, 29:1-6; 1 Chronicles 15:28; 2 Chronicles 5:13; Ezra 3:6; Psalm 81:1-4, 98:6; Isaiah 27:13; 1 Corinthians 15:52; 1 Thessalonians 4:16 a memorialZichron terooa?h, here rendered "a memorial of blowing the trumpets" properly signifies a memorial of triumph or shouting for joy. This festival is generally called the feast of trumpets; and, though the Scriptures have not expressly declared the reason of its celebration, yet, as it fell in the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the first of the civil year, that is, the month Tisri, answering to our September, the opinion very generally embraced by both Jews and Christians is, that it was a memorial of the creation of the world, at which "the sons of God shouted for joy," - Job 38:7
and which is supposed, not altogether without reason, to have been at this season of the year. The month Tisri was not only anciently, but still is, reckoned by the Jews the first month of the year; and the feast of tabernacles, kept in this month, was said to be, as it is correctly rendered in the margin, "at the revolution of the year," - Exodus 34:22
importing, that at this season the year had revolved, and was beginning anew. So that this feast was the new year's day, on which the people rejoiced in a grateful remembrance of God's benefits, and implored his blessing for the future year. Leviticus 25:9 Reciprocal Exodus 12:16 - first day; Leviticus 23:2 - the feasts; 23:35 - General; 23:39 - on the first; Judges 7:8 - trumpets; 1 Chronicles 23:31 - in the sabbaths; Ezra 3:1 - the seventh; Nehemiah 8:2 - the first; 8:9 - This day; Psalm 81:3 - new; Ezekiel 20:12 - I gave; Colossians 2:16 - or of the sabbath Verse 25 Reciprocal Exodus 12:16 - first day; Leviticus 23:2 - the feasts; 23:35 - General; Numbers 28:25 - ye shall do; 29:1 - the seventh; Psalm 81:3 - new Verse 27 the tenth Leviticus 16:29, 16:30, 25:9; Numbers 29:7-11 afflict Leviticus 16:31; Numbers 29:7; Ezra 8:21; Psalm 35:13; Isaiah 58:5; Daniel 10:2, 10:3; Zechariah 12:10; Acts 2:37, 2:38; 2 Corinthians 7:10, 7:11; James 4:9 offer Leviticus 16:11, 16:15, 16:24 Reciprocal Exodus 12:16 - first day; 30:10 - Aaron; Leviticus 23:29 - that shall; 23:32 - afflict; Numbers 30:13 - to afflict; Ezra 3:1 - the seventh; Isaiah 58:3 - afflicted; Jeremiah 36:6 - upon; 36:9 - they; Acts 27:9 - the fast; Habakkuk 3:1 - a remembrance Verse 28 Leviticus 16:34; Isaiah 53:10; Daniel 9:24; Zechariah 3:9; Romans 5:10, 5:11; Habakkuk 3:1, 3:1; 3:1, 3:1; 1 John 2:2, 4:10, 5:6 Reciprocal Leviticus 16:29 - do no; Numbers 29:39 - beside your vows; Habakkuk 3:1 - a remembrance Verse 29 that shall Leviticus 23:27, 23:32; Isaiah 22:12; Jeremiah 31:9; Ezekiel 7:16 he shall be Genesis 17:14 Reciprocal Exodus 30:33 - cut off; Leviticus 19:9 - ye reap the harvest; Ezra 8:21 - afflict ourselves Verse 30 Leviticus 20:3, 20:5, 20:6; Genesis 17:14; Jeremiah 15:7; Ezekiel 14:9; Zephaniah 2:5; 1 Corinthians 3:17 Reciprocal Exodus 32:33 - sinned Verse 31 Reciprocal Leviticus 16:34 - an everlasting Verse 32 a sabbath Leviticus 16:31; Matthew 11:28-30; Habakkuk 3:1, 3:1 afflict Leviticus 23:27; Psalm 35:13, 51:17, 69:10, 69:11, 126:5, 126:6; Isaiah 57:15, 57:18, 57:19, 58:3-7; 61:3; Matthew 5:4; 1 Corinthians 11:31 celebrate your sabbathHeb. restReciprocal Exodus 31:15 - the sabbath; Leviticus 23:29 - that shall; 25:2 - keep; Numbers 30:13 - to afflict; Isaiah 30:29 - in the night; Ezekiel 20:12 - I gave; Colossians 2:16 - or of the sabbath Verse 33 Reciprocal Numbers 29:12 - the fifteenth day; 1 Kings 12:32 - like unto; Ezekiel 45:25 - In the seventh; Zechariah 14:16 - and to Verse 34 The fifteenth Exodus 23:16, 34:22; Numbers 29:12; Deuteronomy 16:13-15; Ezra 3:4; Nehemiah 8:14; Zechariah 14:16-19; John 1:14, 7:2; Habakkuk 3:1, 3:1 the feast of tabernaclesThis feast was celebrated in commemoration of the Israelites' dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years; and was kept with greater hilarity than any of the other festivals. Hence, in the Talmud, it is often called chag, the feast, by way of excellence; and by Philo, εορτων μεγιστην, the greatest of the feasts; it was therefore more noticed by the heathen than any other. It is probable that Cecrops borrowed from it the law which he made in Athens, "that the master of every family should after harvest make a feast for his servants, and eat together with them who had taken pains with him in tilling his grounds.Reciprocal Exodus 23:14 - General; Leviticus 23:39 - when; Deuteronomy 31:10 - General; Judges 21:19 - a feast; 1 Kings 8:2 - at the feast; 8:65 - held; 12:32 - like unto; 2 Chronicles 5:3 - in the feast; 7:8 - kept; Nehemiah 9:1 - twenty Verse 35 Leviticus 23:7, 23:8, 23:24, 23:25 Reciprocal Exodus 12:16 - first day; Numbers 28:25 - ye shall do; Nehemiah 10:31 - on the holy day Verse 36 Seven Numbers 29:12-38 the eighth 2 Chronicles 7:8-11; Nehemiah 8:18; John 7:37 solemnHeb. day of restraint, Deuteronomy 16:8; Joel 1:14, 2:15 *marg.Reciprocal Leviticus 16:29 - do no; 23:39 - on the first; Numbers 15:3 - in your; 28:25 - ye shall do; 29:35 - eighth day; Deuteronomy 16:15 - Seven days; 2 Chronicles 7:9 - solemn assembly; Nehemiah 10:31 - on the holy day Verse 37 the feasts Leviticus 23:2, 23:4; Deuteronomy 16:16, 16:17 every thing Ecclesiastes 3:1 Reciprocal Exodus 32:5 - made proclamation Verse 38 the sabbaths Leviticus 23:3, 19:3; Genesis 2:2, 2:3; Exodus 20:8-11 and beside Numbers 29:39; Deuteronomy 12:6; 1 Chronicles 29:3-8; 2 Chronicles 35:7, 35:8; Ezra 2:68, 2:69 Reciprocal Leviticus 7:16 - be a vow; 22:18 - vows; 2 Chronicles 29:31 - and as many; 31:14 - the freewill; Ezekiel 46:12 - a voluntary Verse 39 when Leviticus 23:34; Exodus 23:16; Deuteronomy 16:13 on the first Leviticus 23:24, 23:36 Reciprocal 1 Chronicles 23:31 - in the sabbaths; Nehemiah 9:1 - twenty; Ezekiel 20:12 - I gave; John 7:37 - the last; Colossians 2:16 - or of the sabbath Verse 40 the boughsHeb. fruit, Nehemiah 8:15; Matthew 21:8 of palm trees Psalm 92:12; John 12:13; Revelation 7:9 rejoice Deuteronomy 16:14, 16:15; Isaiah 35:10, 66:10; John 16:22; Romans 5:11; Philippians 3:3, 4:4; 1 Peter 1:8 Reciprocal Deuteronomy 12:7 - ye shall; Nehemiah 8:14 - dwell; Job 40:22 - the willows; Hosea 12:9 - as in; Mark 11:8 - cut Verse 41 Numbers 29:12; Nehemiah 8:18
Verse 42 Genesis 33:17; Numbers 24:2, 24:5; Nehemiah 8:14-17; Jeremiah 35:10; 2 Corinthians 5:1; Habakkuk 3:1-11:16 Reciprocal Jeremiah 35:6 - Ye shall; 35:7 - all Verse 43 Exodus 13:14; Deuteronomy 31:10-13; Psalm 78:5, 78:6 Reciprocal Exodus 20:2 - brought; Jeremiah 35:6 - Ye shall; 35:7 - all; Zechariah 14:16 - and to Verse 44 Leviticus 23:1, 23:2, 21:24; Matthew 18:20