1 Samuel 23
Overview
23:1 David, enquiring of the Lord by Abiathar, rescues Keilah;
23:7 God shewing him the coming of Saul, and the treachery of the Keilites, he escapes from Keilah;
23:14 In Ziph Jonathan comes and comforts him;
23:19 The Ziphites discover him to Saul;
23:25 At Maon he is rescued from Saul by the invasion of the Philistines;
23:29 He dwells at En-gedi. Verse 1 KeilahKeilah was a city of Judah, situated, according to Eusebius, eight miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Hebron. Sozomen says that the prophet Habakkuk's tomb was shewn there. Joshua 15:44; Nehemiah 3:17, 3:18 rob the Leviticus 26:16; Deuteronomy 28:33, 28:51; Judges 6:4, 6:11; Micah 6:15 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 22:4 - in the hold; 23:2 - inquired; 1 Chronicles 4:19 - Keilah Verse 2 inquiredIn what way David made this enquiry we are not told; but it was probably by means of Abiathar; and therefore it would seem, that with Houbigant, we should read the 1 Samuel 23:6 immediately after the 23:1. - This adventure was truly noble and patriotic. Had not David loved his country, and been above all motives of private and personal revenge, he would have rejoiced in this invasion of Judea, as producing a strong diversion in his favour, and embroiling his inveterate enemy. In most cases, a man with David's wrongs would have joined with the enemies of his country, and avenged himself on the author of his calamities; but he thinks of nothing but succouring Keilah, and using his power and influence in behalf of his brethren. 23:4, 23:6, 23:9-12, 30:8; Numbers 27:21; Joshua 9:14; Judges 1:1; 2 Samuel 5:19, 5:23; 1 Chronicles 14:10; Psalm 32:8; Proverbs 3:5, 3:6; Jeremiah 10:23 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 10:22 - inquired; 22:10 - he inquired; 28:15 - answereth; 30:7 - Abiathar; 2 Samuel 2:1 - inquired; 21:1 - of the Lord; 1 Kings 22:5 - Inquire; 2 Kings 3:19 - And ye; 1 Chronicles 13:3 - we inquired; 2 Chronicles 18:4 - Inquire; Nehemiah 3:17 - Keilah; Psalm 18:29 - by thee Verse 3 Behold 1 Samuel 23:15, 23:23, 23:26; Psalm 11:1; Jeremiah 12:5 Reciprocal Proverbs 20:8 - General Verse 4 yet again 1 Samuel 28:6; Judges 6:39 for I will Joshua 8:7; Judges 7:7; 2 Samuel 5:19; 2 Kings 3:18 Reciprocal Exodus 23:31 - deliver the; Numbers 21:34 - for I have; Judges 20:28 - Shall I yet; 1 Samuel 14:37 - Shall I go; 22:10 - he inquired; 23:2 - inquired; 28:15 - answereth; 30:8 - inquired; 2 Samuel 2:1 - inquired; 21:1 - of the Lord; 1 Kings 22:5 - Inquire; 2 Chronicles 18:4 - Inquire; Proverbs 20:8 - General; Isaiah 55:10 - as the rain Verse 5 Reciprocal 2 Samuel 22:40 - girded; Psalm 18:38 - General; 38:20 - render Verse 6 when Abiathar 1 Samuel 22:20 an ephod 14:3, 14:18, 14:36, 14:37; Exodus 28:30, 28:31 Reciprocal 28:4 - ephod; Judges 17:5 - ephod; 1 Samuel 23:2 - inquired; 23:9 - Bring; 1 Kings 2:26 - barest; Hosea 3:4 - ephod; Mark 2:26 - Abiathar Verse 7 am God hath 1 Samuel 23:14, 24:4-6, 26:8, 26:9; Psalm 71:10, 71:11 he is shut Exodus 14:3, 15:9; Judges 16:2, 16:3; Job 20:5; Luke 19:43, 19:44 Reciprocal Numbers 35:20 - by laying; 1 Samuel 23:12 - They will; 24:18 - Lord; 2 Samuel 12:7 - I delivered; 2 Chronicles 13:16 - God delivered; Psalm 31:21 - strong city; 37:12 - General; Isaiah 19:4 - give over Verse 8 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 23:10 - destroy the city Verse 9 David Jeremiah 11:18, 11:19; Acts 9:24, 14:6, 23:16-18 Bring 1 Samuel 23:6, 14:18, 30:7; Numbers 27:21; Jeremiah 33:3 Reciprocal Exodus 28:30 - General; Numbers 31:6 - the holy instruments; Joshua 9:14 - asked not; Judges 1:1 - asked; 8:27 - an ephod; 11:11 - uttered; 1 Samuel 14:37 - Shall I go; 23:2 - inquired; 28:15 - answereth; 2 Samuel 2:1 - inquired; 1 Kings 22:5 - Inquire; 1 Chronicles 13:3 - we inquired; 14:10 - inquired; 2 Chronicles 18:4 - Inquire; Psalm 7:16 - General; 11:2 - that; Proverbs 24:2 - General; Daniel 8:12 - and it practiced; Hosea 3:4 - ephod; Mark 2:26 - Abiathar; John 10:35 - unto; 11:51 - being Verse 10 destroy the city 1 Samuel 23:8, 22:19; Genesis 18:24; Esther 3:6; Proverbs 28:15; Romans 3:15, 3:16 Reciprocal Judges 1:1 - asked; 8:27 - an ephod; 1 Samuel 28:15 - answereth; 30:8 - inquired Verse 11 And the Lord Psalm 50:15; Jeremiah 33:3; Matthew 7:7, 7:8 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 10:22 - inquired; 2 Samuel 21:1 - of the Lord; Psalm 142:4 - refuge; Jeremiah 11:18 - the Lord Verse 12 deliverHeb. shut up, Psalm 31:8 They will 1 Samuel 23:7; Psalm 62:1, 118:8; Ecclesiastes 9:14, 9:15; Isaiah 29:15; Habakkuk 3:1 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 10:22 - inquired; 22:10 - he inquired; 24:18 - delivered me; Psalm 38:20 - render; 62:9 - Surely; Jeremiah 11:18 - the Lord Verse 13 six hundred 1 Samuel 22:2, 25:13, 30:9, 30:10 Reciprocal 2 Samuel 15:20 - seeing Verse 14 a mountain Psalm 11:1-3 the wildernessZiph is mentioned in Joshua with Carmel and Maon, near which it seems to have been situated; and as we have mention of Carmel and Maon in the history of David, as adjoining to Ziph, it cannot be doubted that by the Ziph, in the wilderness of which David now lay, and where was the hill of Hachilah, is to be understood Ziph near Carmel and Maon. Joshua 15:24, 15:55 Saul 1 Samuel 27:1; Psalm 54:3, 54:4; Proverbs 1:16, 4:16 but God 1 Samuel 23:7; Psalm 32:7, 37:32, 37:33, 54:3, 54:4; Proverbs 21:30; Jeremiah 36:26; Romans 8:31; 2 Timothy 3:11, 4:17, 4:18 Reciprocal Joshua 2:16 - Get you; 1 Samuel 24:11 - thou huntest; 26:8 - God; 2 Samuel 12:7 - I delivered; 22:1 - and out; 1 Chronicles 12:8 - into the hold; 2 Chronicles 11:8 - Ziph; Ezekiel 33:27 - in the caves; Acts 12:19 - sought for him Verse 15 lifeHeb. nephesh, soul, Genesis 44:30 Reciprocal Joshua 15:55 - Ziph; 1 Samuel 23:3 - Behold; 2 Samuel 4:8 - sought; Daniel 10:18 - he; Habakkuk 3:1 - wandered Verse 16 strengthened Deuteronomy 3:28; Nehemiah 2:18; Job 4:3, 4:4, 16:5; Proverbs 27:9, 27:17; Ecclesiastes 4:9-12; Isaiah 35:3, 35:4; Ezekiel 13:22; Luke 22:32, 22:43; Ephesians 6:10; 2 Timothy 2:1; Habakkuk 3:1, 3:1 Reciprocal Genesis 48:2 - strengthened; Judges 7:11 - thine hands; 1 Samuel 22:8 - that my son; 2 Samuel 1:26 - thy love; 9:1 - show him; 2 Chronicles 17:1 - and strengthened; Psalm 119:150 - draw nigh; Proverbs 17:17 - General; Ecclesiastes 4:10 - if; Malachi 3:16 - spake Verse 17 Fear not Isaiah 41:10, 41:14; Habakkuk 3:1 shall not Job 5:11-15; Psalm 27:1-3, 46:1, 46:2, 91:1, 91:2; Proverbs 14:26; Isaiah 54:17 thou shalt be Luke 12:32 I shall be Proverbs 19:21; Acts 28:16; Romans 15:24 that also Saul 1 Samuel 20:31, 24:20; Acts 5:39 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 25:30 - according; 27:1 - And David; 31:2 - Jonathan; Esther 10:3 - next unto king; Psalm 63:11 - the king; Proverbs 27:9 - so Verse 18 1 Samuel 18:3, 20:12-17, 20:42; 2 Samuel 9:1, 21:7 Reciprocal 1 Samuel 20:8 - thou hast; 2 Samuel 5:3 - before; 2 Kings 11:4 - made a covenant; 1 Chronicles 11:3 - before; Psalm 88:8 - put Verse 19 the Ziphites 1 Samuel 22:7, 22:8, 26:1; Psalm 54:1 *title 54:3, 54:4; Proverbs 29:12 HachilahCalmet states, that Hachilah was a mountain about ten miles south of Jericho, where Jonathan Maccabeus built the castle of Massada, west of the Dead Sea, and not far from En-gedi. 1 Samuel 26:1, 26:3 on the southHeb. on the right handJeshimonor, the wilderness, Eusebius places Jeshimon ten miles south of Jericho, near the Dead Sea; which agrees extremely well with the position of Hachilah, as stated by Calmet.Reciprocal Joshua 15:24 - Ziph; 1 Samuel 13:6 - in caves; 19:19 - General; 23:24 - the south; 24:1 - it was told; 30:29 - Rachal; 2 Kings 24:14 - craftsmen; 1 Chronicles 2:42 - Ziph; 2 Chronicles 11:8 - Ziph; Psalm 31:13 - while; 62:9 - Surely; 64:5 - commune; 140:2 - continually; 142:4 - refuge; Proverbs 16:29 - General; 28:4 - that; Acts 25:3 - desired; 1 Corinthians 13:6 - Rejoiceth not; Habakkuk 3:1 - wandered Verse 20 all the desire Deuteronomy 18:6; 2 Samuel 3:21; Psalm 112:10; Proverbs 11:23 our part 1 Kings 21:11-14; 2 Kings 10:5-7; Psalm 54:3; Proverbs 29:26 Reciprocal Psalm 31:13 - while; 62:9 - Surely; 119:95 - wicked; 142:4 - refuge; Proverbs 24:15 - Lay Verse 21 1 Samuel 22:8; Judges 17:2; Psalm 10:3; Isaiah 66:5; Micah 3:11 Reciprocal Genesis 20:13 - This; 1 Samuel 17:50 - So David prevailed; 24:19 - the Lord; 2 Samuel 2:5 - Blessed; 17:4 - the saying; Psalm 10:10 - humbleth Verse 22 haunt isHeb. foot shall be, Job 5:13 Reciprocal 2 Kings 6:13 - spy where; Psalm 10:10 - humbleth; 57:6 - a net; 64:2 - secret; Matthew 2:8 - go; Mark 14:44 - and lead; Acts 16:23 - to keep Verse 23 take knowledge Mark 14:1, 14:10, 14:11; John 18:2, 18:3 I will search 2 Samuel 17:11-13; 1 Kings 18:10; Proverbs 1:16; Romans 3:15, 3:16 the thousands Numbers 10:36; Micah 5:2 Reciprocal Exodus 14:3 - They are entangled; Numbers 1:16 - heads; 1 Samuel 23:3 - Behold; 24:11 - thou huntest; 26:2 - Saul arose; 2 Samuel 17:8 - thy father is; 17:12 - in some place; 2 Kings 6:13 - spy where; Psalm 10:8 - sitteth; 35:4 - that; 64:2 - secret; Matthew 2:8 - go; Mark 14:44 - and lead; Acts 16:23 - to keep; Habakkuk 3:1 - wandered Verse 24 the wildernessMaon, from which the adjoining mountainous district derived its name, was city in the most southern parts of the tribe of Judah, and a neighbouring town to Carmel. Hence Nabal - 1 Samuel 25:2 is described as a man of Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and though he might dwell generally in Maon, yet he is styled Nabal the Carmelite, from the place where his estate lay. Calmet supposes it to be the city Minois, which Eusebius places in the vicinity of Gaza; and the Moenoemi Castrum, which the Theodosian code places near Beersheba.Maon 25:2; Joshua 15:55 the south 1 Samuel 23:19 Reciprocal Joshua 15:24 - Ziph; Judges 10:12 - the Maonites Verse 25 into a rockor, from the rock, 1 Samuel 23:28; Judges 15:8 Reciprocal Joshua 15:55 - Maon; Judges 10:12 - the Maonites; 1 Chronicles 11:16 - in the hold Verse 26 David made haste 1 Samuel 19:12, 20:38; 2 Samuel 15:14, 17:21, 17:22; Psalm 31:22 away 2 Chronicles 20:12; Psalm 17:9, 17:11, 22:12, 22:16, 118:11-13, 140:1-9; 2 Corinthians 1:8; Revelation 20:9 Reciprocal Judges 16:2 - compassed; 1 Samuel 20:1 - fled; 23:3 - Behold; 2 Samuel 12:7 - I delivered; 22:19 - prevented; 2 Kings 6:14 - sent he thither horses; Esther 6:1 - that night; Psalm 4:1 - thou; 35:3 - stop; 37:33 - will not; 119:87 - almost; 124:7 - Our soul; Acts 12:6 - the same Verse 27 there came Genesis 22:14; Deuteronomy 32:36; 2 Kings 19:9; Psalm 116:3 the Philistines 2 Kings 19:9; Revelation 12:16 invadedHeb. spread themselves upon, 1 Chronicles 14:13 Reciprocal 2 Samuel 22:19 - prevented; Esther 6:1 - that night; Psalm 35:3 - stop; 119:87 - almost; 124:7 - Our soul; Isaiah 37:9 - he heard; Acts 12:6 - the same Verse 28 Selahammahlekoththat is, the rock of divisions, Because, says the Targum, "the heart of the king was divided to go hither and thither." Here Saul was obliged to separate himself from David, in order to go and oppose the invading Philistines; which deliverance of David was of such a nature as made the Divine interposition fully visible. 1 Samuel 23:28 Reciprocal 23:25 - into a rock; 24:1 - when Saul; Isaiah 37:9 - he heard Verse 29 The Psalm 63:1, which breathes as much pious and devout affection as almost any of his Psalms; for in all places and in all conditions he still kept up his communion with God. - If Christians knew their privileges better, and acted up thereto, there would be less murmuring at the dark dispensations of Divine Providence.
; 1 Samuel 24:1; Genesis 14:7; Joshua 15:62; 2 Chronicles 20:2; Song of Songs 1:14; Ezekiel 47:10 Reciprocal Joshua 2:16 - Get you; 1 Samuel 24:22 - the hold; 1 Chronicles 12:8 - into the hold