Galatians
The Galatians, or Gallograecians, were the descendants of Gauls, who migrated from their own country, and after a series of disasters, got possession of a large district in Asia Minor, from them called Galatia (Pausanias, Attic. c. iv). They are mentioned by historians as a tall and valiant people, who went nearly naked, and used for arms only a buckler and sword; and the impetuosity of their attack is said to have been irresistible. Their religion, before their conversion was extremely corrupt and superstitious; they are said to have worshipped the mother of the gods, under the name of Adgistis; and to have offered human sacrifices of the prisoners they took in war. Though they spoke the Greek language in common with almost all the inhabitants of Asia Minor, yet it appears from Jerome that they retained their original Gaulish language even as late as the fifth century. Christianity appears to have been first planted in these regions by St. Paul himself (Gal_1:6; Gal_4:13); who visited the churches at least twice in that country (Act_16:6; Act_18:23). It is evident that this epistle was written soon after their reception of the gospel, as he complains of their speedy apostasy from his doctrine (Gal_1:6); and as there is no notice of his second journey into that country, it has been supposed, with much probability, that it was written soon after his first, and consequently about ad 52 or 53. It appears that soon after the Apostle had left them, some Judaizing teachers intruded themselves into the churches; drawing them off from the true gospel, to depend on ceremonial observances, and to the vain endeavour of "establishing their own righteousness." It was in order to oppose this false gospel that St. Paul addressed the Galatians, and after saluting the churches of Galatia, and establishing his apostolic commission against the attacks of the false teachers, he reproves them for departing from that gospel which he had preached to them, and confirmed by the gift of the Holy Ghost - proves that justification is by faith alone, and not by the deeds of the law, from the example of Abraham, the testimony of Scripture, the curse of the law, the redemption of Christ, and the Abrahamic covenant, which the law could not disannul - shows the use of the law in connection with the covenant of grace; concludes that all believers are delivered from the law, and made the spiritual seed of Abraham by faith in Christ; illustrates his inference by God's treatment of the Jewish church, which he put under the law, as a father puts a minor under a guardian; shows the weakness and folly of the Galatians in subjecting themselves to the law, and that by submitting themselves to circumcision they become subject to the whole law, and would forfeit the benefits of the covenant of grace; gives them various instructions and exhortations for their Christian conduct, and particularly concerning the right use of their Christian freedom; and concludes with a brief summary of the topics discussed, and by commending them to the grace of Christ.
Galatians 1
Overview
1:1 He wonders that they have so soon left him and the gospel;
1:8 and accurses those that preach any other gospel than he did;
1:11 He learned the gospel not of men, but of God;
1:14 and shows what he was before his calling;
1:17 and what he did immediately after it. Verse 1 an Romans 1:1; 1 Corinthians 1:1 not Galatians 1:11, 1:12, 1:17 neither Acts 1:16-26, 13:2-4 but 9:6, 9:15, 9:16, 22:10, 22:14-21, 26:16-18; Romans 1:4, 1:5; 2 Corinthians 3:1-3; Ephesians 3:8; 1 Timothy 1:11-14; 2 Timothy 1:1; Titus 1:3 and Matthew 28:18-20; John 5:19, 10:30, 20:21 raised Acts 2:24-32, 3:15; Romans 4:24, 4:25, 10:9, 14:9; Ephesians 1:19, 1:20; Habakkuk 3:1; 1 Peter 1:21; Revelation 1:5, 1:18, 2:8 Reciprocal Joshua 22:15 - General; Matthew 6:9 - Our; Mark 3:14 - he ordained; John 3:27 - A man; Acts 1:2 - the apostles; 20:24 - and the; 1 Corinthians 9:1 - I not an; 11:23 - I have; 2 Corinthians 10:8 - though Verse 2 all Philippians 2:22, 4:21 churches Acts 9:31, 15:41, 16:5, 16:6, 18:23; 1 Corinthians 16:1 Reciprocal Joshua 22:15 - General; 1 Corinthians 1:2 - the church; 2 Corinthians 11:31 - God; 1 Thessalonians 1:1 - unto the; 2 Timothy 4:10 - Galatia; 1 Peter 1:1 - Galatia Verse 3 Romans 1:7-15; 1 Corinthians 1:3; 2 Corinthians 1:2, 13:14; Ephesians 1:2; Philippians 1:2; Colossians 1:2; 1 Thessalonians 1:1; 2 Thessalonians 1:2; 2 John 1:3 Reciprocal John 14:27 - Peace I leave; 2 Corinthians 11:31 - God; Galatians 6:16 - peace; 1 Timothy 1:2 - Grace Verse 4 gave Galatians 2:20; Matthew 20:28, 26:28; Mark 10:45; Luke 22:19; John 10:11, 10:17, 10:18; Romans 4:25; Ephesians 5:2; 1 Timothy 2:6; Titus 2:14; Habakkuk 3:1, 3:1, 3:1; 1 Peter 2:24; 3:18; 1 John 2:2, 3:16; Revelation 1:5 from Galatians 6:14; Isaiah 65:17; John 12:31, 14:30, 15:18, 15:19, 17:14, 17:15; Romans 12:2; 2 Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 2:2, 6:12; Habakkuk 2:5, 3:1; James 4:4; 1 John 2:15-17, 5:4, 5:5, 5:19; 5:20; Revelation 5:9, 7:9 according Psalm 40:8; Matthew 26:42; Luke 22:42; John 5:30, 6:38, 14:30, 14:31; Romans 8:3, 8:27, 8:32; Ephesians 1:3, 1:11; Habakkuk 3:1-10:10 our Matthew 6:9; Romans 1:7; Ephesians 1:2; Philippians 4:20; 1 Thessalonians 3:11, 3:13; 2 Thessalonians 2:16 Reciprocal Matthew 6:13 - deliver; Luke 11:2 - Our; John 1:29 - which; 10:15 - and I; 16:33 - I; Romans 16:27 - God; 1 Corinthians 1:30 - redemption; 15:3 - Christ; Ephesians 5:25 - loved; Titus 2:12 - this; James 1:27 - to keep; 1 Peter 1:18 - received Verse 5 whom 1 Chronicles 29:13; Psalm 41:13, 72:19; Isaiah 24:15, 42:12; Matthew 6:13; Luke 2:14; Romans 11:36, 16:27; Ephesians 1:12; Philippians 4:20; 1 Timothy 1:17; 2 Timothy 4:18; Habakkuk 3:1; 1 Peter 5:11; 2 Peter 3:18; Jude 1:25; Revelation 4:9-11, 5:12, 7:12, 14:7 Amen Matthew 28:20 Reciprocal Psalm 104:31 - The glory; Ephesians 3:21 - be Verse 6 marvel Mark 6:6; John 9:30 so Galatians 3:1-5, 4:9-15, 5:4, 5:7; Psalm 106:13; Isaiah 29:13; Jeremiah 2:12, 2:13 that called Galatians 5:8; 1 Corinthians 4:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:14; 2 Timothy 1:9; 1 Peter 1:15; 2 Peter 1:3 the grace Acts 15:11; Romans 5:2; 1 Timothy 1:14; 2 Timothy 2:1; Revelation 22:20 unto Romans 10:3; 2 Corinthians 11:4 Reciprocal Genesis 32:30 - I have; Deuteronomy 9:12 - are quickly; Judges 2:17 - quickly; Ezekiel 3:21 - if thou; Acts 2:42 - they; 15:2 - Paul; Romans 1:6 - the called; 1 Corinthians 15:1 - I declare; 2 Corinthians 10:14 - the gospel; 11:3 - I fear; Galatians 4:13 - at; Ephesians 4:5 - one faith; 4:14 - tossed; Colossians 2:19 - not; 1 Thessalonians 3:5 - lest; 1 Timothy 1:3 - charge; 1:19 - concerning; 5:12 - their; 6:3 - any; Titus 1:10 - specially; Habakkuk 3:1 - carried Verse 7 but Galatians 2:4, 4:17, 5:10, 5:12, 6:12, 6:13, 6:17; Acts 15:1-5, 15:24, 20:30; Romans 16:17, 16:18; 2 Corinthians 11:13 pervert Galatians 5:10, 5:12; Jeremiah 23:26; Matthew 24:24; Acts 13:10, 15:1, 15:24; 2 Corinthians 2:17, 4:2; 1 Timothy 4:1-3; 2 Timothy 2:18, 3:8, 3:9, 4:3, 4:4; Titus 1:10, 1:11; 2 Peter 2:1-3; 1 John 2:18, 2:19, 2:26, 4:1; 2 John 1:7, 1:10; Jude 1:4; Revelation 2:2, 2:6, 2:14, 2:15, 2:20, 12:9; 13:14, 19:20, 20:3 Reciprocal Jeremiah 23:36 - for ye; Matthew 26:10 - Why; Acts 15:19 - that; 20:27 - I have; Romans 1:16 - the gospel; 1 Corinthians 1:13 - Christ; 3:11 - General; 2 Corinthians 11:4 - another gospel; 11:12 - them; 11:29 - and I burn; Ephesians 4:5 - one faith; 4:14 - tossed; Philippians 1:27 - the gospel; 3:18 - enemies; 1 Timothy 1:3 - charge; 6:3 - any; 2 Timothy 2:14 - the subverting Verse 8 though Galatians 1:9; 1 Corinthians 16:22; 2 Corinthians 11:13, 11:14; 1 Timothy 1:19, 1:20; Titus 3:10; Revelation 22:18, 22:19 let Galatians 3:10, 3:13; Genesis 9:25; Deuteronomy 27:15-26; Joshua 9:23; 1 Samuel 26:19; Nehemiah 13:25; Matthew 25:41; 2 Peter 2:14 accursed Mark 14:71; Acts 23:14; Romans 9:3; 1 Corinthians 12:3, 16:22 *Gr.Reciprocal Leviticus 15:8 - General; Deuteronomy 13:8 - consent; 1 Kings 13:21 - Thus saith; Proverbs 28:10 - causeth; Isaiah 9:15 - the prophet; Jeremiah 16:20 - General; 23:16 - Hearken; 2 Corinthians 11:4 - another gospel; 11:15 - whose; Galatians 5:12 - cut; Philippians 4:4 - again; 1 Thessalonians 1:5 - our; 1 Peter 5:12 - true; 2 John 1:10 - come Verse 9 so 2 Corinthians 1:17, 13:1, 13:2; Philippians 3:1, 4:4 than Deuteronomy 4:2, 12:32, 13:1-11; Proverbs 30:6; Revelation 22:18, 22:19 Reciprocal Leviticus 15:8 - General; Deuteronomy 13:8 - consent; 1 Samuel 26:19 - cursed; 1 Kings 13:21 - Thus saith; Proverbs 28:10 - causeth; Isaiah 9:15 - the prophet; Jeremiah 23:16 - Hearken; 1 Corinthians 16:22 - Anathema; 2 Corinthians 11:15 - whose; Galatians 1:8 - though; 5:12 - cut; 1 Peter 5:12 - true; 2 John 1:10 - come Verse 10 do I now Acts 4:19, 4:20, 5:29; 2 Corinthians 5:9-11; 1 Thessalonians 2:4 persuade 1 Samuel 21:7; Matthew 28:14; Acts 12:20; Romans 2:8 *Gr: 1 John 3:9 do I seek 2 Corinthians 12:19; 1 Thessalonians 2:4 for if Matthew 22:16; Romans 15:1, 15:2; 1 Corinthians 10:33; Ephesians 6:6; Colossians 3:22; James 4:4 the servant Romans 1:1 Reciprocal Deuteronomy 33:9 - Who said; 1 Samuel 15:24 - I feared; 1 Kings 22:14 - what the Lord; 2 Kings 16:11 - built an altar; 2 Chronicles 18:13 - even what my God; 32:15 - persuade; Job 32:22 - I know not; Jeremiah 15:19 - let them; Daniel 3:26 - ye servants; Matthew 6:24 - serve; Mark 12:14 - carest; Luke 19:13 - his; 20:21 - sayest; John 12:26 - serve; Acts 12:3 - he saw; 20:19 - Serving; 24:27 - willing; Romans 6:22 - become; 16:18 - serve; 1 Corinthians 2:4 - enticing; 7:22 - is Christ's; 2 Corinthians 5:11 - we persuade; Colossians 3:24 - for; 4:12 - a servant; 1 Thessalonians 2:6 - of men; 2 Timothy 2:15 - approved; 1 John 2:15 - Love not Verse 11 that Galatians 1:1; 1 Corinthians 2:9, 2:10, 11:23, 15:1-3; Ephesians 3:3-8 Reciprocal Matthew 16:17 - for; Romans 1:1 - called; 2 Corinthians 10:7 - even; Galatians 1:16 - immediately; 1 Timothy 1:1 - by Verse 12 Reciprocal Matthew 16:17 - for; Acts 22:14 - hear; 26:16 - in the; 1 Corinthians 11:23 - I have; 15:3 - I delivered; 2 Corinthians 12:1 - visions; Galatians 1:1 - not; 1:16 - immediately; Ephesians 1:9 - made; 3:3 - by; 1 Peter 1:12 - it; Revelation 1:1 - Revelation Verse 13 ye Acts 22:3-5, 26:4, 26:5 how 8:1, 8:3, 9:1, 9:2, 9:13, 9:14, 9:21, 9:26, 22:4, 22:5, 26:9-11; 1 Corinthians 15:9; Philippians 3:6; 1 Timothy 1:13 Reciprocal John 16:2 - the time; Acts 20:28 - the church; 26:10 - I also; Ephesians 3:2 - ye; 4:22 - former Verse 14 profited Isaiah 29:13, 57:12 equalsGr. equals in yearsbeing Acts 22:3, 26:5, 26:9; Philippians 3:4-6 traditions Jeremiah 15:2; Matthew 15:2, 15:3, 15:6; Mark 7:3-13; Colossians 2:8; 1 Peter 1:8 Reciprocal Leviticus 13:16 - General; Jeremiah 9:14 - which; Luke 11:39 - Now; 18:12 - fast; John 16:2 - the time; Acts 21:20 - and they; Romans 10:2 - that they; Philippians 3:6 - zeal; 2 Timothy 1:3 - whom Verse 15 it Deuteronomy 7:7, 7:8; 1 Samuel 12:22; 1 Chronicles 28:4, 28:5; Matthew 11:26; Luke 10:21; 1 Corinthians 1:1; Ephesians 1:5, 1:9, 3:11 who Isaiah 49:1, 49:5; Jeremiah 1:5; Luke 1:15, 1:16; Acts 9:15, 13:2, 22:14, 22:15; Romans 1:1 and 1:5, 8:30, 9:24; 1 Corinthians 1:9, 1:24, 15:10; 2 Thessalonians 2:13, 2:14; 1 Timothy 1:12-14; 2 Timothy 1:9; 1 Peter 5:10 Reciprocal Genesis 6:8 - General; Numbers 6:2 - When; 8:14 - separate; Deuteronomy 10:8 - time the Lord; 1 Samuel 3:4 - called Samuel; 1 Chronicles 23:13 - separated; Psalm 22:10 - from; 71:6 - thou art; 75:7 - he putteth; 110:3 - day; Isaiah 44:24 - and he; Mark 3:14 - he ordained; Luke 19:6 - he; John 15:16 - ordained; Acts 9:6 - Arise; 22:21 - for; Romans 8:28 - the called; 15:15 - because; 1 Corinthians 9:1 - I not an; Ephesians 3:2 - the dispensation; Colossians 1:27 - whom; 1 Thessalonians 5:24 - calleth Verse 16 reveal Matthew 16:17; 1 Corinthians 2:9-13; 2 Corinthians 4:6; Ephesians 1:17, 1:18, 3:5-10 that Galatians 2:7-9; Acts 9:15, 22:21, 26:17, 26:18; Romans 1:13, 1:14, 11:13, 15:16-19; Ephesians 3:1, 3:8; Colossians 1:25-27; 1 Thessalonians 2:16; 1 Timothy 2:7; 2 Timothy 1:11 immediately Galatians 1:11, 1:12, 2:1, 2:6; Deuteronomy 33:9; Luke 9:23-25, 9:59-62; Acts 26:19, 26:20; 2 Corinthians 5:16 flesh Matthew 16:17, 26:41; 1 Corinthians 15:50; Ephesians 6:12; Habakkuk 2:14 Reciprocal Genesis 22:3 - General; Judges 6:27 - and did; 1 Samuel 3:4 - called Samuel; 2 Chronicles 29:3 - He in the first; Psalm 96:10 - Say; 110:3 - day; 119:60 - made; 128:6 - peace; Jeremiah 1:5 - Before I; Habakkuk 2:1 - unto me; Matthew 4:20 - General; 9:9 - Follow; Luke 19:6 - he; John 12:38 - revealed; Acts 9:6 - Arise; 10:8 - he sent; Romans 1:5 - we have; 15:15 - because; 1 Corinthians 1:1 - through; 2 Corinthians 1:17 - according; Galatians 2:2 - communicated; Ephesians 1:9 - made; 3:2 - the dispensation; 3:3 - by; Philippians 3:8 - the excellency; Colossians 1:27 - whom; 1 Peter 1:12 - it Verse 17 went Galatians 1:18; Acts 9:20-25 returned 2 Corinthians 11:32, 11:33 Reciprocal Acts 2:11 - Arabians; 9:19 - Then; 9:26 - when; 11:1 - the apostles; 2 Corinthians 11:26 - journeyings; Galatians 4:25 - Arabia Verse 18 I went upor, I returned, Acts 9:26-29, 22:17, 22:18 Reciprocal 9:27 - the apostles; 9:28 - coming; Galatians 1:17 - went; 2:1 - fourteen Verse 19 James Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13, James the son of Alphaeus, James 1:1; Jude 1:1 the Lord's Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3; 1 Corinthians 9:5 Reciprocal Matthew 12:46 - his; Mark 15:15 - willing; 15:40 - Mary the; Luke 8:20 - thy brethren; John 2:12 - and his brethren; Acts 9:27 - the apostles; 12:17 - James; 15:13 - James; 21:18 - unto Verse 20 behold Romans 9:1; 2 Corinthians 11:10, 11:11, 11:31 Reciprocal Romans 1:9 - God; 2 Corinthians 1:23 - I call; Philippians 1:8 - God; 1 Thessalonians 2:5 - God; 1 Timothy 2:7 - I speak Verse 21 I came Acts 9:30, 11:25, 11:26, 13:1, 15:23, 15:41, 18:18, 21:3 Cilicia 6:9, 21:39, 22:3, 23:34 Reciprocal 20:3 - sail; 27:5 - Cilicia Verse 22 the churches Acts 9:31; 1 Thessalonians 2:14 in Romans 16:7; 1 Corinthians 1:30; Philippians 1:1; 1 Thessalonians 1:1; 2 Thessalonians 1:1 Reciprocal Acts 20:25 - see; 2 Corinthians 6:9 - well; 12:2 - in Christ Verse 23 he which Acts 9:13, 9:20, 9:26; 1 Corinthians 15:8-10; 1 Timothy 1:13-16 Reciprocal Exodus 18:1 - heard; Numbers 23:23 - What hath; Isaiah 32:4 - heart; Luke 8:38 - saying; 1 Corinthians 15:9 - because Verse 24 Numbers 23:23; Luke 2:14, 7:16, 15:10, 15:32; Acts 11:18, 21:19, 21:20; 2 Corinthians 9:13; Colossians 1:3, 1:4; 2 Thessalonians 1:10, 1:12 Reciprocal Exodus 18:1 - heard; Psalm 50:23 - Whoso; Matthew 5:16 - and; 9:8 - and; Luke 5:26 - and they; 8:38 - saying; 18:43 - followed; John 17:10 - and I; Acts 9:20 - straightway; 2 Corinthians 4:15 - the abundant; 1 Peter 4:14 - but